New Roles for South African Municipalities in Renewable Energy - A Review of Business Models

South Africa’s electricity sector is currently undergoing a multi-faceted transformation driven by energy security concerns, rising costs, and the emergence of renewable energy technologies. As these dynamics reshape the electricity value chain, South African municipalities are compelled to redefine their traditional roles and adapt their funding and operating models. This guide reviews potential business models that allow municipalities to seize emerging opportunities while managing financial, regulatory, and socio-political risks.